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ANATOMY OF THE ANTEROLATERAL LIGAMENT
23
More recent studies [6] among of which one
specifically centered on the femoral origin
from the ALL [3], showed a consistent bony
origin overlapping the LCL, with some
variability in the femoral attachment, ranging
from directly on the lateral epicondyle to
posterior to the lateral epicondyle (fig. 4). The
area of this proximal attachment is measured
by Kennedy [6] at 67,7mm².
Tibial insertion
The tibial attachment of the ALL is more
consensual, approximately midway between
the center of the Gerdy tubercle and the anterior
margin of the fibular head (fig. 5), on average
4,4mm to 11,1mm below the joint line [1, 2, 4,
5, 6, 7, 12]. The area of distal attachment is
64,9mm² [6].
Fig. 4:
ALL femoral origin (Matt Daggett Arthroscopy
2015).
Vincent
(2011)
Claes
(2013)
Helito
(2013)
Dodds
(2014)
Kennedy
(2015)
Caterine
(2015)
Lutz
(2015)
Length
(mm)
34.1 + 3.4 38.5 + 6.1 37.3 ± 4
59
36.8 to
41.6 40.3 + 6.2 39.1 + 3.4
Proximal
width (mm)
8.3 ± 2.1 7.4 ± 1.7
4.8 ± 1.4 5.3 ± 1
Distal
width (mm)
11.2 ± 2.5
11.7 ± 3.2 15.6 ± 2.6
Thickness
(mm)
2-3
1.3
2.7
1.4
Tibial
plateau
distance
(mm)
5
6.5 ± 1.4 4.4 ± 1.1 11 ± 2
9.5 11.1 ± 2.4 6.4 ± 2.4
Gerdy
tubercle
distance
21.6 ± 4
18 ± 3
23.4 ± 3.4 22.1 ± 2.6
Fibula
head
distance
23.2 ± 5.7
17 ± 3
23.9 ± 5.5 16 ± 4.7
Insertion/
lateral
epicondyle
Distal
Distal
Distal
Proximal
Proximal
11 distal
8 proximal
2 distal
7 proximal
Table 1:
ALL anatomical characteristics